Wrap-up for week 4 of November

Here it is....


Monday - Contracts - Agency II
Tuesday - Contracts - Expression of Intent II
Wednesday - Contracts - Expression and Pre-drafted Contractual Terms II
Thursday - Contracts ... Offer and Revocation of an Offer III
Friday - Contracts ... Offer and Revocation of an Offer IV
Saturday - Contracts - Acceptance and Revocation of an Acceptance IV

Contracts - Acceptance and Revocation of an Acceptance IV

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

Acceptance and Revocation of an Acceptance 4

Civil Code:

Article

第 160 條

遲到之承諾，除前條情形外，視為新要約。

將要約擴張、限制或為其他變更而承諾者，視為拒絕原要約而為新要約。

Article 160

An acceptance which arrives late, except under the circumstances in the preceding article, shall be deemed to be a new offer.

An acceptance with amplifications, limitations or other alterations shall be deemed to be a refusal of the original offer and the making of a new offer.

Vocabulary

遲到 [chídào] /to arrive late/

之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/

承諾 [chéngnuò] /promise (to do something)/

除…外 [chú…wài] /except/

前 [qián] /before/in front/ago/former/previous/earlier/front/

條 [tiáo] /article/

情形 [qíngxing] /circumstances/situation/

視為 [shìwéi] /(v) deem/see as/regard as/

新 [xīn] /new/newly/

要約 [yàoyuē] /offer/

將 [jiāng] /把/

擴張 [kuòzhāng] /(v) expand /

限制 [xiànzhì] /(impose) restrictions/to limit/to bound/to restrict/

或 [huò] /or/

為 [wéi] /to make/

其他 [qítā] /other/else/

變更 [biàngēng] /change/alter/modify/

而 [ér] /and/

者 [zhě] /if/

拒絕 [jùjué] /to refuse/to decline/to reject/

原要約 [yuányàoyuē] /original offer/

Contracts ... Offer and Revocation of an Offer IV

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

Offer and Revocation of an Offer 4

Civil Code:

Article

第 155 條

要約經拒絕者，失其拘束力。

Article 155

An offer ceases to be binding if it is refused.

Vocabulary

要約 [yàoyuē] /offer/

經 [jīng] /to undergo/

拒絕 [jùjué] /to refuse/to decline/to reject/

者 [zhě] /if/

失 [shī] /to lose/

其 [qí] /his/her/its/theirs/that/such/it (refers to sth preceding it)/

拘束力 [jūshùlì] /bindingness/binding force

Article

第 156 條

對話為要約者，非立時承諾，即失其拘束力。

Article 156

An offer made inter presentes ceases to be binding if it is not accepted at once.

Vocabulary

對話 [duìhuà] /dialog/inter presentes/

為 [wéi] /是/

要約 [yàoyuē] /offer/

者 [zhě] /if/

非 [fēi] /non-/not-/un-/

立時 [lìshí] /immediately/at once/

承諾 [chéngnuò] /promise (to do something)/

即 [jí] /then/

失 [shī] /to lose/

其 [qí] /his/her/its/theirs/that/such/it (refers to sth preceding it)/

拘束力 [jūshùlì] /bindingness/binding force/

Contracts ... Offer and Revocation of an Offer III

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

Offer and Revocation of an Offer 3

Civil Code:

Article

第 154 條

契約之要約人，因要約而受拘束。但要約當時預先聲明不受拘束，或依其情形或事件之性質，可認當事人無受其拘束之意思者，不在此限。

貨物標定賣價陳列者，視為要約。但價目表之寄送，不視為要約。

Article 154

A person who offers to make a contract shall be bound by his offer except at the time of offer he has excluded this obligation or except it may be presumed from the circumstances or from the nature of the affair that he did not intend to be bound.

Exposing goods for sale with their selling price shall be deemed to be an offer. However, the sending of pricelists is not deemed to be an offer.

Vocabulary

契約 [qìyuē] /agreement/contract/

之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/

要約人 [yàoyuērén] /contract offeror/promiser/

因 [yīn] /cause/reason/because/

要約 [yàoyuē] /offer/

而 [ér] /語氣詞,無義/

受 [shòu] /to bear/to stand/to endure/

拘束 [jūshù] /(v) restrict; limit/to be bound/

但 [dàn] /but/yet/however/only/merely/still/

當時 [dāngshí] /then/at that time/while/

預先 [yùxiān] /beforehand/prior/

聲明 [shēngmíng] /statement/declaration/

不受 [bùshòu] /to be exempt/

或 [huò] /or/

依 [yī] /according to/depend on/

其 [qí] /his/her/its/theirs/that/such/it (refers to sth preceding it)/

情形 [qíngxing] /circumstances/situation/

事件 [shìjiàn] /event/happening/incident/

性質 [xìngzhì] /nature/characteristic/

可 [kě] /can/may/able to/certain(ly)/

認 [rèn] /to recognize/to know/to admit/

當事人 [dāngshìrén] /persons involved or implicated/party (to an affair)/

無 [wú] /-less/not to have/no/none/not/to lack/un-/

意思 [yìsī] /idea/opinion/meaning/

者 [zhě] /-ist, -er (person)/person (who does sth)/

不在此限 [bùzàicǐxiàn] /shall not be subject to this restriction/

貨物 [huòwù] /goods/commodity/merchandise/

標定 [biāodìng] /demarcate/demonstrate/indicate/

賣 [mài] /to sell/

價 [jie] /price/

陳列 [chénliè] /display/exhibit/

視為 [shìwéi] /(v) deem/see as/regard as/

價目表 [jiàmùbiǎo] /(marked) price list/

寄送 [jìsòng] /to send/to transmit/

Contracts - Expression and Pre-drafted Contractual Terms II

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

More Civil Code:

Interpretation of Expression and Pre-drafted Contractual Terms

Article

第 98 條

解釋意思表示，應探求當事人之真意，不得拘泥於所用之辭句。

Article 98

In the interpretation of an expression of intent, the real intention of the parties must be sought rather than the literal meaning of the words.

Vocabulary

解釋 [jiěshì] /explanation/to explain/to interpret/to resolve/

意思表示 [yìsībiǎoshì] /expressed intention/declaration of will/

應 [yìng] /shall/

探求 [tànqiú] /to explore/to search out/to investigate/to persue/

當事人 [dāngshìrén] /persons involved or implicated/party (to an affair)/

之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/

真意 [zhēnyì] /real intention/true intention/

不得 [bùdé] /must not/may not/not be allowed/cannot/

拘泥 [jūní] /rigidly adhere/

於 [yú] /at/

所 [suǒ] /(relative pronoun)/(particle introducing a relative clause)/

用 [yòng] /to use/

辭句 [cíjù] /expression/wording/

Study

A contract may be express or implied. In an express contract, the existence and terms of the contract are stated in words or the writings of the parties. In an implied contract, the real intent is inferred from the conduct of the parties, and this is what is sought in contracts in Taiwan.

解釋is used to define a term. Other similar methods of defining a term in a contract or article are:

所謂 – so-called

所稱 － referred to

稱 - 叫、叫做。如：「稱呼」、「稱兄道弟」。

稱…..者 - 稱月或年者….The month or the year specified in this code….

Contracts - Expression of Intent II

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

Expression of Intent explained in the Civil Code:

Article

第 94 條

對話人為意思表示者，其意思表示，以相對人了解時，發生效力。

Article 94

An expression of intent inter presents becomes effective at the moment when the person to whom it is made understands it well.

Vocabulary

對話人 [duìhuàrén] /speaker/expressor/

為 [wèi] /to make/to do/

意思表示 [yìsībiǎoshì] /expressed intention/declaration of will/

者 [zhě] /-ist, -er (person)/person (who does sth)/

其 [qí] /his/her/its/theirs/that/such/it (refers to sth preceding it)/

以 [yǐ] /according to/so as to/in order to/by/

相對人 [xiāngduìrén] /the concerned person/

了解 [liǎojiě] /understand/come to understand/

時 [shí] /when/

發生 [fāshēng] /to happen/to occur/to take place/

效力 [xiàolì] /(n) positive effect; efficacy/binding effect/

Study

意思表示 is defined as a declaration of will or more simply an offer. This Article explains that when the offeror’s(表意人) offer is understood by the concerned party(相對人) the offer becomes binding. Also, the use of 對話人assumes that the offer is made ‘inter presents’ and not ‘inter absents’ as expressed below.

Article

第 95 條

非對話而為意思表示者，其意思表示，以通知達到相對人時，發生效力。

但撤回之通知，同時或先時到達者，不在此限 。

表意人於發出通知後死亡或喪失行為能力或其行為能力受限制者，其意思表示，不因之失其效力。

Article 95

An expression of intent inter absents becomes effective at the moment when the notification of the expression reaches such other party, except when the withdrawal of the notification previously or simultaneously reaches such other party.

The fact that after the notification of the expression the expresser dies, or becomes no capacity to make juridical acts, or is limited in capacity to make juridical acts, shall not null the expression of intent.

Vocabulary

非 [fēi] /non-/not-/un-/

對話 [duìhuà] /dialog in real time/

而 [ér] /語氣詞,無義/

為 [wèi] /to make/to do/

意思表示 [yìsībiǎoshì] /expressed intention/declaration of will/

者 [zhě] /-ist, -er (person)/person (who does sth)/

其 [qí] /his/her/its/theirs/that/such/it (refers to sth preceding it)/

以 [yǐ] /according to/so as to/in order to/by/

通知 [tōngzhī] /notify/inform/notice/notification/

達到 [dádào] /to reach/to achieve/to attain/

相對人 [xiāngduìrén] /the concerned person/

時 [shí] /when/

發生 [fāshēng] /to happen/to occur/to take place/

效力 [xiàolì] /(n) positive effect; efficacy/binding effect/

但 [dàn] /but/yet/however/only/merely/still/

撤回 [chèhuí] /withdraw/

之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/

同時 [tóngshí] /at the same time/simultaneously/

或 [huò] /or/

先 [xiān] /early/prior/former/in advance/first/

到達 [dàodá] /to reach/to arrive/

不在此限 [bùzàicǐxiàn] /shall not be subject to this restriction/

表意人 [biǎoyìrén] /expressor/

於 [yú] /in/at/

發出 [fāchū] /to send out/to issue/

後 [hòu] /back/behind/rear/afterwards/after/later/

死亡 [sǐwáng] /death/deadly/

喪失 [sàngshī] /lose/forfeit/

行為能力 [xíngwéinénglì] /capacity/capacity of disposition/disposing capacity/

受 [shòu] /to bear/to stand/to endure/

限制 [xiànzhì] /(impose) restrictions/to limit/to bound/to restrict/

不因之失［效］ [bù zhī yīn shī xiào] /shall not nullify/