The Preamble of the Constitution II

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com


The Preamble of the Constitution of the R.O.C.

前言：
中華民國國民大會受全體國民之付託，依據孫中山先生創立中華民國之遺教，為鞏固國權，保障民權，奠定社會安寧，增進人民福利，制定本憲法，頒行全國，永矢咸遵。
Preamble:
The National Assembly of the Republic of China, by virtue of the mandate received from the whole body of people, and acting in accordance with the last will and testament of Dr. Sūn Zhōng-Shān, Founder of the Republic of China, and in order to consolidate the authority of the State, safeguard the rights of the people, ensure social tranquility, and promote the welfare of the people, hereby adopts this Constitution and causes it to be promulgated for faithful and perpetual observance by all in the country.



Vocabulary
前言 [qiányán] /preface/forward/introduction/preamble/
中華民國 [Zhōnghuámínguó] /Republic of China/
國民大會 [Guómíndàhuì] /National Assembly/
受 [shòu] /to receive/
全體 [quántǐ] /all/entire/
之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/
付託 [fùtuō] /to entrust to/
依據 [yījù] /according to/basis/foundation/
孫中山 [Sūn Zhōngshān] /Sun Yat-sen, first president of the Republic of China/
先生 [xiānsheng] /sir/mister/teacher/(title of respect)/
創立 [chuànglì] /to found/establish/originate/
遺教 [yíjiào] /the views of the departed/posthumous orders or teachings/
為 [wèi] /for/
鞏固 [gǒnggù] /consolidate/
國權 [guóquán] /state authority/
保障 [bǎozhàng] /to ensure/to guarantee/to safeguard/
民權 [mínquán] /civil liberties/
奠定 [diàndìng] /establish/fix/settle/
社會 [shèhuì] /society/
安寧 [ānníng] /peaceful/tranquil/calm/composed/free from worry/
增進 [zēngjìn] /promote/enhance/
人民 [rénmín] /(the) people/
福利 [fúlì] /(material) welfare/well-being/
制定 [zhìdìng] /to draw up/to formulate/
本 [běn] /this/the current/
憲法 [xiànfǎ] /constitution (of a country)/
頒行 [bānxíng] /issue for enforcement/
全國 [quánguó] /entire country/nationwide/
永 [yǒng] /forever/always/perpetual (ly)/
矢 [shǐ] /to promise/faithful/
咸 [xián] /all/in all cases/
遵 [zūn] /to observe/to obey/to follow/




The constitution of the Republic of China was adopted by the National Assembly on December 25, 1946, promulgated by the National Government on January 1, 1947 and effective from December 25, 1947. Dr. Sun was born in southern China, raised in Hawaii, and educated in Western medicine in Hong Kong. In 1925, Dr. Sun passed away in Beijing.

J.Y. Interpretation 648

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

On October 24, 2008 the Justices of the Constitutional Court issued Interpretation 648, it asks:


進出口貨物查驗準則第十五條第一項違憲？
Is Paragraph 1, Article 15 of the Import and Export Goods Inspection Guidelines Unconstitutional?




李大法官震山不同意見書(Dissenting Opinion)

The Control Yuan II

Originally posted by www.taiwanlawresources.com

Article 90 of the Constitution states:

監察院為國家最高監察機關，行使同意、彈劾、糾舉及審計權。

The Control Yuan shall be the highest control organ of the State and shall exercise the powers of consent, impeachment, censure, and auditing.

Vocabulary

監察院 [Jiāncháyuàn] /Control Yuan/

為 [wéi] /是/is/

國家 [guójiā] /country/nation/

最高 [zuìgāo] /highest/highest-level/

機關 [jīguān] /organ/mechanism/

行使 [xíngshǐ] /exercise (a right, etc.)/

同意 [tóngyì] /to agree/to consent/to approve/

彈劾 [tánhé] /impeach/

糾舉 [jiūjǔ] /censure/

及 [jí] /and/

審計 [shěnjì] /audit/

權 [quán] /authority/power/right/

In 1931, Conrol Yuan was formed to exercises the powers of consent, impeachment, censure, and auditing. The founding father（國父） of the Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, advocated a five-power government. He adopted a Western style system of checks and balance (制衡原則) between legislative, executive and judiciary powers, and then added two traditional Chinese government powers of examination and supervision (control).

An Auditing Yuan (審計院) was established in 1928 to control government finance. And in 1931 was downgraded into the Ministry of Audit (監察院審計部) under the supervision of the Control Yuan.

Wrap-up for week 1 of November

Here it is......

Monday - Law Schools II
Tuesday - The Legislative Yuan II
Wednesday - The Judicial Yuan III
Thursday - The Judicial Yuan IV
Friday - The Examination Yuan III
Saturday - The Examination Yuan IV

The Examination Yuan IV

Original post by www.taiwanlawrersources.com

Article 85 of the Constitution states:

公務人員之選拔，應實行公開競爭之考試制度，並應按省區分別規定名額，分區舉行考試。非經考試及格者，不得任用 。

In the selection of public functionaries, a system of open competitive examination shall be put into operation, and examination shall be held in different areas, with prescribed numbers of persons to be selected according to various provinces and areas. No person shall be appointed to a public office unless he is qualified through examination.

Vocabulary
公務人員 [gōngwù rényuán] /public officials/civil servants/public functionaries/
之 [zhī] /(literary equivalent of 的)/
選拔 [xuǎnbá] /(v) select the best/
應 [yìng] /shall/
實行 [shíxíng] /implement/carry out/to put into practice/
公開 [gōngkāi] /public/
競爭 [jìngzhēng] /to compete/competition/
考試 [kǎoshì] /exam/
制度 [zhìdù] /(political or administrative) system or institution/
並 [bìng] /and/furthermore/simultaneously/also/together with/
按 [àn] /according to/in the light of/
省區 [shěngqū] /province/region/
分別 [fēnbié] /separately/
規定 [guīdìng] /provision/to fix/to set/to formulate/to stipulate/to provide/
名額 [míngé] /(n) particular number of people; quota/
分區 [fēnqū] /various areas/
舉行 [jǔxíng] /to hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.)/
非經 [fēijīng] /not approved/
及格 [jígé] /to pass a test/
者 [zhě] /-ist, -er (person)/person (who does sth)/
不得 [bùdé] /must not/may not/not be allowed/cannot/
任用 [rènyòng] /to appoint/to assign/

Example of 'shall'

Article 85 gives the power to select civil servants to the Examination Yuan. The expression of ‘shall’ comes up in this article. Normally, shall is expressed as 應. An example can be found in the Civil Code. Article 46 states:

以公益為目的之社團，於登記前，應得主管機關之許可。

Article 46

Before registration, a charitable corporation shall obtain the required licenses of the competent authorities.

The Examination Yuan III

Original post by www.taiwanlawresources.com

The Examination Yuan is responsible for matters relating to examination, employment, registration, service ratings, salary scales, promotion and transfer, tenure, commendation, and pecuniary aid.

Under the Examination Yuan are the Ministry of Examination, the Ministry of Civil Service, the Civil Service Protection and Training Commission, the Supervisory Board of the Public Service Pension Fund, and the Central Personnel Administration.

Article 83 of the Constitution of the ROC states:
考試院為國家最高考試機關，掌理考試、任用、銓敘、考績、級俸、陞遷
、保障、褒獎、撫卹、退休、養老等事項。
The Examination Yuan shall be the highest examination organ of the State and shall have charge of matters relating to examination, employment, registration, service ratings, salary scales, promotion and transfer, tenure, commendation, pecuniary aid in case of death, retirement and old age.

Vocabulary
考試院 [Kǎoshìyuàn] /Examination Yuan/
為 [wéi] /是/is/
國家 [guójiā] /country/nation/
最高 [zuìgāo] /highest/highest-level/
機關 [jīguān] /organ/mechanism/
掌理 [zhǎnglǐ] /in charge of/
任用 [rènyòng] /employment/
銓敘 [quánxù]] /registration/
考績 [kǎojī] /service rating/
級俸 [jífèng] /scales of salary/
陞遷 [shēngqiān] /promotion and transfer/
保障 [bǎozhàng] /security of tenure/
褒獎 [bāojiǎng] /commendation/
撫卹 [fǔxù] /pecuniary aid in case of death/
退休 [tuìxiū] /retirement (from work)/
養老 [yǎnglǎo] /provide for the elderly/
等 [děng] /et cetera/and so on/
事項 [shìxiàng] /(n) matter; item/